Importance and Roles of Employee Compensation - 1415 Words

When thinking about a job, considering the salary and the benefits offered by and employer is important. Many benefits play a critical role in the lives of employees and their families by assisting in health needs, future financial security, needed absences from work, and more. Benefits may include programs like paid time off, medical insurance, dental insurance, disability, life insurance, retirement benefits, family leave, education and training programs, bonuses, commissions, and stock options. Employee compensation was first introduced to America by Europe and imbedded in the colonies. â€Å"The Plymouth Colony settlers’ military retirement program, which was established in 1636, was of the first compensation programs recorded.† (EBRI,†¦show more content†¦Some companies offer unique benefits, and unique benefits can vary depending upon the nature of the work. Examples of unique benefits are cars, cell phones, laptops, cafeteria plans, products or service discounts, telecommuting options, credit unions, uniforms, child care, nap rooms and nursing facilities. Employee benefits play an increasingly important role in the lives of employees and their families, and have a significant financial and administrative impact on a business. Most companies operate in an environment in which an educated work force has come to expect a comprehensive benefits program. Indeed, the absence of a program or an inadequate program can seriously hinder a companys ability to attract and keep good personnel. Employers must be aware of these issues and be ready to make informed decisions when they select employee benefits. The high costs of pension plans are, at first glance, a drain on company resources. With so many employees going from job to job and taking their experience and training with them it seems a waste of time and resources to offer pensions but we hope to show how providing retirement benefits to employees actually benefits both the employer and the employee. Years ago an employee would stay with one company for most, if not all, of his or her work ing life. The employee knew that by doing a good job and maintaining a loyal attitude toShow MoreRelatedEmployee Benefit Plan Development : Employee Benefits Essay1508 Words   |  7 PagesEmployee Benefit Plan Development â€Å"Understanding your employee’s perspective can go a long way towards increasing productivity and happiness† – Kathryn Minshew, founder of The Muse. In today’s highly competitive and robust job market, benefit programs have become an integral aspect of an employer’s total compensation package. In fact, an employer’s total benefit package plays just an important role in attracting and retaining talent for organizations as monetary compensation, according to a recentRead MoreTaking a Look at Worker Compensation787 Words   |  3 Pagesconsist of Compensation and Benefits as one of the essence in the structure of managing an entire workforce. As being mentioned in www.boundless.com, Compensation deals with the salary and wages of the employees. There are several definitions about Compensation, but generally, Compensation is the overall form of monetary or non-monetary pay that is given to the employees as a reward for their required serv ices and relationship to the employer. (Susan M. Heathfield, n.d.) The importance of CompensationRead MoreProposition of Interclean in Puerto Rico1172 Words   |  5 PagesCompensation scenario Proposition of InterClean in Puerto Rico InterCleans expansion into the Puerto Rican market place is subjected to a series of challenges, including the creation and implementation of a compensation plan based on the specifics of the local market. Based on this, as well as based on the features and objectives of the firm, the compensation plan to be implemented within the new location is composed from a combination of financial and non financial incentives. The mixtureRead MoreHuman Resource Structure807 Words   |  3 Pagescompany like Tianyang Food, a food production company in China. HR department act as the support for the organization in the likes of law, compensation, benefit, safety and health of the employees and the organization. However, the improper management from the HR structure can put the organization in a very difficult situation. Based on the case study, an employee named Lu Yueting had poisoned the dumpling in the company by using a piston because he was not satisfied with the salary that he and hisRead MoreMicrosofts Human Resource Management Strategy679 Words   |  3 PagesProfile: Microsoft Corporation Importance of Strategic Human Resource Management Talent Management Strategies Compensation and benefit packages for employees Policies and practices for Labor relations management Comparison with the Competitors Conclusion OBJECTIVES OF THE HRM STRATEGY To design effective talent management strategies; including recruitment and selection, motivation and retention, performance management, etc. To design competitive salary and compensation packages and decide theirRead MoreFunctions Of Performance Management System806 Words   |  4 Pagesis defined as â€Å"The practice that drives decisions about performance, remuneration, promotions, disciplinary procedures, terminations, transfers and development needs encompassed in a business†. Although this major human resource function has a key role in organisations, Aguninis (2013 p.2) argues â€Å"That many organisations are not using their performance systems effectively†. This results in a major deficit in improving the efficiency of an organisation, but more specifically those that are employedRead MoreIssues in Human Resources Management Simulation1081 Words   |  5 Pagestogether towards one goal, success. The following report is a summary of the simulation involving Human Resources Management issues. Scenario Within the simulation, the class was asked to take on the role of the Human Resources Manager at the Cartwright-Porter Airport. Here, we will encounter employee-related problems that call for immediate and timely responses while applying Human Resource Management concepts in evaluating and arriving at the solutions. Impacts of Specific Activities ActivityRead MoreTable Of ContentsPrefacexiiiPART ONEThe Strategic Human1743 Words   |  7 PagesTable of Contents Preface xiii PART ONE The Strategic Human Resource Management Model 2 Chapter 1 Strategic Importance of Human Resource Management Chapter Objectives Challenges Facing Canadian Organizations Spotlight on Ethics: What Is a â€Å"Right† Behaviour? Objectives of Human Resource Management Strategic Human Resource Management The Organization of Human Resource Management The Human Resource Management Profession of the Future The Framework Used in This Book Spotlight on HRM: Will the 21stRead MoreSustaining Employee Performance1429 Words   |  6 PagesSustaining Employee Performance HRM/300 Instructor’s name Date Sustaining Employee Performance In this paper, team D will address the course design objectives of Riordan Manufacturing. First of all, the team will pick two job positions within the company, and discuss the general functions of performance management systems, job evaluation methods, compensation plans, and the importance of employee benefit plans. The two job positions discussed in this paper will be the Director of AdministrationRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Employee Benefits Essay1422 Words   |  6 Pagesthe phrase employee benefits is mentioned there are many different perspectives from various angles as to what exactly employee benefits entail. Some perspectives are, but not limited to, what is deemed an employee benefit, what benefits are required by law to be given to employees, benefits that employees might feel are superior, and whether or not benefits provide value to the employer. For clarification purposes Alison Doyle offers this, â€Å"Employee benefits are non-salary compensation that can var y

Essay about Business Ethics and Kant - 1466 Words

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to discuss how Adelphia Communications’ leadership, particularly the Rigas family, violated the trust of the public and its investors through unethical and illegal business practices. First, a synopsis of the Adelphia scandal will be presented. Next, a brief overview of ethics and how they apply to maintaining good business and public trust will be discussed. Following the ethics overview, an outline of deontology and Kant’s Categorical Imperative will be covered. Finally, the business practices and ethical issues with the Adelphia scandal will be analyzed using the deontological framework and Kant’s Categorical Imperative. Adelphia Scandal Adelphia Communications is a company that specializes†¦show more content†¦According to James Brown, a former Adelphia executive, â€Å"it became a part of the corporate culture of Adelphia to conceal information that might be disadvantageous for the company† (Barlaup, 2009). Records falsification was not the only illegal activity the Rigas family was wrapped up in. The family used company funds, unbeknownst to their investors, to finance personal endevours and interests. Examples include using corporate money to build a $12.8 million golf course on the Rigas property, using the company plane for personal vacation trips including a safari to Africa, and funding for two Manhattan apartments for his family (Markon, 2014). Not only this, but John Rigas purportedly used the company jet to fly a Christmas tree two times to his daughter in New York (Barlaup, 2009)! All of these incidents are just brief excerpts of the fraud and misuse of company funds that John Rigas and his family committed without any intention of ever paying back into the company. These actions, namely lying and stealing, prove to be the heart of the two moral issues that will be further analyzed. Ethical Issues and Morality The major ethical question that the Adelphia Communications case raises is: by lying and stealing, did the Rigas family act in a morally despicable way that caused public distrust or were their actions morally acceptable in order to preventShow MoreRelatedSexist vs Misanthrope1018 Words   |  5 Pagesjournal will express how ethics theories take place into people personalities and thoughts. It focuses in a social dilemma about a misanthrope and a sexiest living their normal lives, and how they are influenced by their judgments in the decision making process. First of all, Harold, as a misanthrope person dislike people in general, no mattering gender, age, race, social preferences, etc. He does not treat people differently, therefore he does not discriminate. In a business environment, he would hireRead MoreAlbert Carr, Milton Friedman and Immanuel Kant970 Words   |  4 PagesEthics is related to an individuals principled judgments about right and wrong . The decision that is made by the individual will influence the business environment ethical circumstance. Therefore, every decision that is made by the employees must use their moral judgment to decide what they think is the right actions to behave. Wherein this action may possibly involve rejecting the primary focus of the company, which is to maximizing the profit. In addition, Albert Carr, Milton Friedman, and ImmanuelRead MoreKantian Ethical Analysis1614 Words   |  6 Pagesb) - Kantian Ethical Analysis: 1 - Introduction and brief explanation of Kantian ethics: German philosopher Kant was first to introduce the Kantian ethics; hence, the named after him. According to Professor Elizabeth Anscombe, Immanuel Kant was Unitarianism’s rival; he believed actions that are taboo should be completely prohibited at all times. For instance, murder should be prohibited. Even though nowadays a person cannot be punished if death is involved as a self defense, from Kant’s perspectiveRead MoreMilton Friedman And Richard Freeman Essay932 Words   |  4 Pages Business ethics Name Institution Date Questions 1: Milton Friedman and Richard Freeman represent differences that exist on the positions held by scholars with regards to the obligations of a business firm. The major difference between the two is on the issues of corporation’s responsibilities to the society and the obligations to different groups. To whom does the corporation owe much responsibility? Friedman offers his views based on the shareholders theory. In his theory, he adoptsRead MoreEthics And Morality : The Trolley Problem1231 Words   |  5 PagesThere is something known as â€Å"The Trolley Problem† that is utilized as a hypothetical situation in the study of ethics and morality. The most famous trolley problem is that: you are driving a trolley and on the track ahead of you, there are five men working who will be killed unless you pull a lever to divert the train to the other track. However, on the other track there is one man working who will be killed if you choose to divert the train. What would you do? In this situation, people based onRead MoreKant And Kant s Theory1368 Words   |  6 Pages Chapter 11: Question 8 What can be known According to Kant? Immanuel Kant (1731) was commonly known as the opponent of the utilitarianism. Kant believed that there are certain actions such as the murder, theft and lying that were prohibited regardless of the associated happiness that the action would bring. According to Kantian, there exist two questions, which human beings need to ask themselves before acting. One needs to rationalize, if everyone can act as he/ she proposes to act. If any caseRead MoreA Critical Evaluation of Worldcoms Ethical Problems Using the Deontological Framework1576 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿WorldCom Ethics Introduction The objective of this study is to examine the case of WorldCom and to answer the question of what are the ethical problems raised in the WorldCom case and to critically evaluate WorldComs ethical problems using the deontological framework. Finally, this study will assess WorldComs ethics and Immanuel Kants Categorical Imperative. I. WorldCom Ethical Problems Raised It is reported that the case study of Moberg and Romar (2003) notes WorldComs encounter withRead MoreEssay about Kants Formalism Theory716 Words   |  3 PagesKants Formalism Theory The theories of Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, have had an impact on the formulation and shaping of ethics today. Immanuel Kant graced this earth from 1724 to 1804. During his eighty year life time, he formulated many interesting ideas regarding ethical conduct and motivation. Kant is strictly a non-consequentialist philosopher, which means that he believes that a persons choices should have nothing to do with the desired outcome, but instead mankind simplyRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Ethical Theory1111 Words   |  5 Pagesinspector. Kantian Ethics Kant s ethical theory is deontological theory. In deontological theories actions are evaluated as ethical or unethical based on one duty. Kantian ethics theory includes duty for the sake of duty regardless to human happiness, unlike utilitarianism. Immanuel Kant defined duty as â€Å"the action which is objectively practical according to this law and excludes inclination from its determining grounds is called duty† (Kant, 1956, p. 83). According to Kant, all acts have a maximRead MoreImmanuel Kant And The Ford Pinto Case991 Words   |  4 Pages Immanuel Kant and The Ford Pinto Case Immanuel Kant ¶s theory on morals states that  ³nothing can possibly be conceived in the world, or even out of it, which can be called good, without qualification, except a good will. ´ 1 Kant points to other human qualities such as courage, intelligence, wit and others that are  ³undoubtedly good and desirable, ´ 2 however, can become bad if the will of the person using them is not good. Kant maintains that in order for an action to be considered moral, it

Social Issues in Colonial Africa Free Essays

The title of a book may give the reader an idea of the story or it may make more sense after reading the book. The title Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad prepares the reader for something unpleasant. The title Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe also gives the reader a hint of bad things to come. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Issues in Colonial Africa or any similar topic only for you Order Now After reading both it is clear to the reader the titles refer to the terrible social issues caused by the appearance of European colonizers in Africa. The â€Å"darkness† is not just the absence of light typical in an African jungle. It is the mental and emotional dark side of the colonizers, and the dark result of their intrusion on African societies. There are many â€Å"things† that â€Å"fall apart† in Africa when the Europeans arrive. There is an immediate breakdown in communication between the two cultures. Then the domination and brutality of the Europeans causes the African society to â€Å"fall apart†. Both books show the terrible result to the Africans at the hands of the Europeans. Both authors are very effective in bringing the reader â€Å"into† the story. However, each author uses different methods and styles to illustrate the social attitudes, issues and impact arising from colonization. Joseph Conrad uses a narrator, Charlie Marlow, to tell the story of Heart of Darkness. Marlow is a sailor who tells his shipmates the story of how he had worked for a European trading company in Africa. He was employed to take a boat up-river from a company headquarters to bring back Mr. Kurtz, their best ivory trader. Marlow soon witnesses the European attitude and treatment of the Africans. He describes the horrible scene of the Europeans’ slave laborers: â€Å"They were dying slowly—it was very clear. They were not enemies, they were not criminals, they were nothing earthly now—nothing but black shadows of disease and starvation, lying confusedly in the greenish gloom† (Conrad 64). One of the men who worked at the station was a clerk who tells Marlow â€Å"When one has got to make correct entries, one comes to hate those savages—hate them to the death† (Conrad 66). Marlow learns that the behavior of the Europeans at their headquarters is just the beginning. Although Kurtz is the company’s best ivory trader, he is described as much more to Marlow: â€Å"He is a prodigy†¦an emissary of pity, of science, and progress, and devil knows what else† (Conrad 75). Marlow can begin to see the dark side of the company as the clerk relates Marlow is â€Å"of the new gang—the gang of virtue. The same people who sent him specially also recommended you† (Conrad 75). Marlow discovers a report Kurtz had written for the company describing his experience in the jungle with the Africans. Marlow states that in light of all that happened, and would happen, the beginning of the document â€Å"strikes me now as ominous. He began with the argument that we whites, from the point of development we had arrived at†¦ ‘approach them with the might of a deity’† (Conrad 111).   It is obvious that Kurtz realized that with all of the â€Å"modern† European goods and weapons he would appear to the Africans as some sort of superior being. What would be even more ominous was Kurtz’ â€Å"note at the foot of the last page†: ‘Exterminate all the brutes!’† (Conrad 111). How to cite Social Issues in Colonial Africa, Papers

Cyber Attacks Computer Security Breaches †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cyber Attacks Computer Security Breaches? Answer: Introduction It is not that uncommon to hear that voters data bases has been exposed or breached somewhere around the world. However, a massive breach which affected the lives of a whopping 198 million US voters is something unheard off. This was one of the largest data exposure in the history of USA, where the Cyber Risk Team who enquired into it found out that personal details of over 198 million of American voters were up on the web. It was later known that a firm who were working for Donald Trump had accidently triggered the massive leak. The event On June 19, 2017 UpGuards cyber risk analyst Chris Vickery found an open cloud repository as he was looking for some misconfigured data sources for his company. The repository which was an Amazon Web Service S3 bucket did not have any firewall and was easily accessible to common mass of people (Varia Mathew, 2014). Anyone using the internet could have had access to the files which helped Donald Trump become the president by simply going to the Amazon sub domain: dra-dw. Dra-dw usually is known as Deep root Analytics Data Warehouse and is quite common in businesses nowadays. It is actually a huge collection of data which are used for very complex calculations. The leak could have led to a widespread breach in security if Vickery had not noticed it and notified the concerned authorities (Pfleeger Caputo, 2012). Deep Root Analytics revealed that they were in charge of the bucket which was later secured against public access. There was 1.1 terabytes of data in the dra-dw which is an amount which is close to 500 hours of video. It could be downloaded and the amount of data accessible was huge. In addition to this there was 24 terbabytes of data which was stored but these were prevented from public access. Ultimately the data stored in the misconfigured database was equal to 10 billion pages of text (Brodie, Mylopoulos Schmidt, 2012). The people whose details were compromised The ones that were accessible however, had detailed profiles of 198 million registered voters which meant that almost everybody who were eligible to vote in 2016 election were there (Fowler, 2015). It exposed people right from locations in Mexico and Phillippines to that in Georgia. The information on the voters to dated back to more than 10 years. However, this information that was leaked was not stolen by hackers. It was moved to a server which did not have the necessary security (Solms Niekerk, 2013). According to Vickery there was not even a password to protect it. Any man, woman, child with the link could click on it and have every information on all voters in America. Vickery says the data came from different sources and were merged together by the analytics company. Some of these information were publicly available like in voter rolls. Others came from social networks and consulting groups like Kantar Research and PACs. When Deep Root was asked by Forbes as to how the leak happened they said that they were conducting an internal review and have brought in cyber security firm Stroz Friedberg to make an in-depth investigation (Wang Lu 2013). This is a type of leak which can happen anytime despite measures being taken. These information can be damaging at times for people. Even though it is not a work done by the hackers, and are misconfigurations relating to servers, these lead to such cybersecurity risks (Zhang et al., 2014). The files started with the voters first and last names, therefore there was no way to mask the identities of the voters. The files also revealed a lot of more data like the voters address, mailing address, phone number, registered party, demography, date of birth, voter registration status and also if they are on the Do Not Call list. Also given were the religion and ethnicity of the voter. Remedies to such leaks To avoid such a leak again analysts point to a few remedies which can help in lessening the number of misconfigured servers which exposes private data on the web. Next people need to be made aware about these leaks. Organizations will have to be motivated to build resources such as setting up servers and maintaining them properly. Another step can be to make default settings for databases in the cloud tighter so that security cannot be compromised (Refsdal, Solhaug Stlen, 2015). Some security companies have already started creating software which can scan systems setup and warn tech people if something lies unprotected or gets exposed. This is something that UpGuard did in the case to avoid the leak from wreaking havoc. This case joins other database misconfiguration incidents like the Hollywood screener system, Microsoft sites and dating services. The exposure has raised quite a few questions on security and privacy of Americans. This also happened at a time when there had been a lot of cyber assaults in the country against state voter databases. What is quite troubling is that such a huge national database of voters was created and placed online without even the simplest protections against public access. It also questions the roles and responsibilities of private organizations who are in charge to maintain these confidential data. One only shudders to think what could have happened had the data got into the hands of criminals. Identity theft, fraud, corporate marketing spam, advanced political targeting could all have been possible with 198 million of American voters. Any of these information which were leaked can be easily prevented if the organizations holding such data can obey a few simple rules before uploading them on the databases. First six months of 2017 faced an unexpected number of cyber-protection challenges. Among many was the scary launch of the WannaCry ransomware, critically targeting the Microsoft Windows operating systems (Shoukry et al., 2017). This report in particular highlights the impact of the ransomware and possible defenses against the attack, presented by analysts and researchers. Vulnerability in the traits of Microsoft operating system proved to be beneficial for the hackers.The ransomware in discussion operated in a mode to encrypt the main file system of a system and potentially claimed ransom in bit-coins, a currency in Crypto-currency, a digital infrastructure for payments. Precisely on 12 May 2017, the world witnessed the release and impact of this attack, with continuation until 15th of the month (Martin, Kinross Hankin, 2017). Reports of infected computers, the approx total being 230,000 emerged out to media. The ransomware benefited from the existing limitation of Microsoft earlie r discovered by National Security Agency (NSA), which took advantage of the same for their self-offensive commandments. The hackers in a way leaked this flaw, to spread the malware widely for monetary gain by blocking access to a file system. As a first step towards blocking, this malware successfully disguises as software, projecting the threat to the user of encrypted files and of the blocked access with a payment demand and deletion warning. Alongside with directions of the mode of payment and designated addresses for the same was provided to the user. Analysts held a case study to coat this ransomware as a worm, as this was projecting a similar transfer mechanism infecting systems around gradually. The codes of operation involved the detection of vulnerability present in MS systems, which is Eternal Blue to develop access to systems. Hackers, for next attempt, invented a variant of WannaCry, Mirai. Europol conducted a study to discover about 200,000 computers being infected over 150 countries approximately (ODowd, 2017). Kaspersky lab presented inventory results about the majorly affected regions including Russia, Ukraine, India and Taiwan. National Health Services (NHS) located in England and Scotland was adversely affected. Numerous public utilities approximately amounting to 70,000 ranging from computers, MRI-Scanners, blood storage refrigerators to other theatrical equipments (Collier, 2017). Emergencies got terminated, ambulance services were halted, relative to NHS, even in Wales and Ireland retuned from work. Grand organizations as Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK in Tyne Wear, England called the production off for the day; similarly, Renault Company also stopped the production to avoid any system-risks (Mattei, 2017). Absence of Microsoft updated versions in organization left them pore to the attack in a more adverse way, since no security patches were released for the XP versions ever since April 2014. Cyence configured a financial loss estimated to be about 44 billion while others derived a loss summing up to $130,634.77 surrounding 327 payments in relevance to the ransomware release. WannaCry initiated the attack in Asia as reported. SMB provided the ransomware the access to the main system, which was automated to spread through various networks. The malware proceeds following certain steps, to gain access to the systems around. Firstly, the malware performs a scan on the systems to detect kill-Switch domain. In its absence it becomes easier for the malware to encrypt the files. The ransom enclosed a sum of $300 when paid within 3 days while it escalated up to $600 in limit of 7 days through bit-coins. Web- addresses assigned for the collection of the payments had labels wallets to register the money (Gandhi, 2017). Three distinct segments are present in relevance to the execution of the malware. The initial display is the Payload (mssecsvc.exe): this program performs the encryption of the files and results in malicious activities. Next is the ransom program (taskche.exe): as recorded the program itself withholds an encrypted key, the decrypt part is secured with the attacker, which is enabled to decrypt both the sub-private as well as public key and saves the same. AES key potentially encrypts the file contents as M2, which is destined to be saved as M1. This collaborated version contains a header WANNACRY. Finally, the ransom program- (@WannaDecrypt@.exe): provides information about the demands to be fulfilled in bit-coins (Mohurle, Patil, 2017). The remedy Marcus Hutchins, a tech-security expert, situated in England built successfully a vaccine against this termed as kill-Switch, a formerly registered domain technique reducing the wild spread of the malware. This domain effectively terminates the software. To prevent its transfer in quarantined devices this particular domain was present in the malware-codes. This was not able to cure infected alignments but surely limited the spread in North America and Asia. Several experts from universities of London and Boston claimed resolutions to the impact of the attack (Knobel, 2017). Based on the use of AES key to decrypt RSA sub-private key, researchers discovered tools namely, WannaKey and WannaKiwi providing help to retrieve keys of concern, former for Windows XP and later for Windows 7 and 2008 R2 systems. Conclusion Analysis of the reports, help us conclude that the intensity of the attack and the leaked vulnerabilities of the systems resulted in the enactment of updates for Windows versions. As a self-security, avoidance of suspicious sites with malicious behaviors is necessary. Finally, payment regarding a ransomware should not be supported as it encourages hackers. Prevention before cure should be the mantra. Updated versions should be in notice of the users to protect their valuable file system. Solutions by the analysts, towards this malware were commendable. Risk-management should be promoted. References: Brodie, M. L., Mylopoulos, J., Schmidt, J. W. (Eds.). (2012). On conceptual modelling: Perspectives from artificial intelligence, databases, and programming languages. Springer Science Business Media. Collier, R. (2017). NHS ransomware attack spreads worldwide. Fowler, A. (2015). Regular voters, marginal voters and the electoral effects of turnout. Political Science Research and Methods, 3(2), 205-219. Gandhi, K. A. (2017). Survey on Ransomware: A New Era of Cyber Attack.International Journal of Computer Applications,168(3). Knobel, A. (2017). Technology and online beneficial ownership registries: easier to create companies and better at preventing financial crimes. Martin, G., Kinross, J., Hankin, C. (2017). Effective cybersecurity is fundamental to patient safety. Mattei, T. A. (2017). Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security of Health Care Information: Lessons from the Recent WannaCry Cyberattack.World Neurosurgery,104, 972-974. Mohurle, S., Patil, M. (2017). A brief study of Wannacry Threat: Ransomware Attack 2017.International Journal,8(5). ODowd, A. (2017). NHS patient data security is to be tightened after cyberattack. Pfleeger, S. L., Caputo, D. D. (2012). Leveraging behavioral science to mitigate cyber security risk. Computers security, 31(4), 597-611. Refsdal, A., Solhaug, B., Stlen, K. (2015). Cyber-risk management. InCyber-Risk Management(pp. 33-47). Springer International Publishing. Shoukry, Y., Nuzzo, P., Puggelli, A., Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A. L., Seshia, S. A., Tabuada, P. (2017). Secure state estimation for cyber physical systems under sensor attacks: a satisfiability modulo theory approach.IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. Varia, J., Mathew, S. (2014). Overview of amazon web services. Amazon Web Services. Von Solms, R., Van Niekerk, J. (2013). From information security to cyber security. computers security, 38, 97-102. Wang, W., Lu, Z. (2013). Cyber security in the Smart Grid: Survey and challenges. Computer Networks, 57(5), 1344-1371. Zhang, J., Renganarayana, L., Zhang, X., Ge, N., Bala, V., Xu, T., Zhou, Y. (2014). EnCore: Exploiting system environment and correlation information for misconfiguration detection. ACM SIGPLAN Notices, 49(4), 687-700.